Living Will - What's it All About?

A recent media survey in the UK revealed that more than half of those interviewed had little or no notion of what a living will is, yet nearly everyone could say what a will is and how it functions. This confusion is perhaps understandable as the term 'living will' in itself seems to be a contradiction.

But what is a living will and how does it work? Well, the answer is simple. A living will is a document that makes clear the wishes of an individual in advance of a time when they do not have the mental capacity to do so themselves. These wishes generally relate to medical treatment, for example, whether the individual wishes to agree or refuse certain types of medical treatment. Additionally, the individual can put their views forward verbally - when talking to a healthcare professional, for example - but making a written statement provides such views in a much more unambiguous manner. Written statements have the added benefit that they can be viewed at any time.

However, general written statements - sometimes known as advance statements - are not necessarily legally binding, although healthcare professionals would have to take them into consideration in the case of the individual no longer having the mental capacity to decide for themselves, and they can be put forward as evidence of the wishes of the individual by family and friends.

Living Will - What's it All About?

The contents of the written statement will inevitably vary from individual to individual but there are some common inclusions. Factors often included in a living will generally regard what treatment, or treatments, the individual would prefer to have and what treatment, or treatments, the individual would prefer not to receive. It is also beneficial for the individual to include the circumstances in which they either do or do not want to receive such treatments.
Some individuals, for example, might not want to receive a certain treatment no matter how ill they are; whereas others may be happy to receive the same treatment once they reach a certain level of illness. Another useful consideration to record in a living will would be to name a particular person to be consulted by a healthcare professional if there is a decision that needs to be made regarding treatment that the individual is unable make.

Almost everyone can make a living will. If, however, an individual has been diagnosed with a mental illness, then they will need to be able to show that they fully understand the potential implications of the living will they wish to make. This generally indicates that the individual must be 'competent' enough to make the living will, but does not have a bearing on whether or not the individual can make other decisions in their life at the time they write the living will.

There is much more that a living will can and cannot do, and it is best to seek professional legal advice if you wish to make one. Professional legal advisors can explain all of the key elements of living wills, taking into account a range of factors eg the situation where new drugs become available as advances in medicine are made (meaning that an illness untreatable at the time a living will is made may be treatable by the time an individual falls ill) can be accounted for in a living will.

Ultimately, it is important that an individual make sure that their living will is entered into their medical records so it is still acted upon in case of emergency. In the case of a verbal living will, it is important that close friends and relatives are well aware of the wishes of the individual.

This article is free to republish provided the authors resource box below remains intact.

Living Will - What's it All About?
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Chris Detheridge is an experienced Solicitor specialising in Contesting A Will [http://www.contest-a-will.co.uk/] in the UK. Chris has helped many clients Contest A Will [http://www.contest-a-will.co.uk/] and may help you determine if you may have a claim.

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Endometriosis and Painful Ovulation - Living With Endometriosis

Endometriosis and painful ovulation are caused when endometrial tissue has grown on the ovaries. This tissue is not elastic, so when the ovaries enlarge during ovulation, the stretched endometrial tissue causes pain. The degree of ovulation pain depends on the size and growth of the endometrial tissue. Although endometriosis is not curable, there are medical treatments that can lessen its effects and slow its future growth. These treatments usually include drug or hormone therapy, or even surgery in severe cases. But there is a growing body of evidence that for some women, more natural or even holistic remedies can also be effective.

Endometrial tissue normally grows as the lining in the uterus, it is when this tissue spreads to pelvic areas outside the uterus that endometriosis develops. There are many symptoms, but the most common is pain. Endometriosis can cause painful intercourse, painful ovulation, and in severe cases endometriosis can even cause painful bowel movements. Simply put: endometrial tissue is not elastic, it can even be constrictive, so when it grows on organs or tissue that are elastic, or change size during body cycles, the stretching or movement of the endometrial growth causes pain, minor to severe depending on the size of the growth.

For many women, getting pregnant with endometriosis, or even just living with endometriosis, is a struggle that can cause problems in several areas. Besides the physical issues related to infertility and endimetriosis, its effects can increase stress levels, which are also related to trouble or problems conceiving. On the physical side, endometrial growths can affect the reproductive organs and their functions. Ovaries expand during ovulation. Growths on the ovaries can restrict this expansion causing an altered ovulation process. Growths can constrict or even block the Fallopian Tubes, restricting the flow of eggs. Another physical problem with endometriosis, painful intercourse, occurs when there are endometrial growths on the cervix or other pelvic areas. Relative to infertility and stress, endometriosis has a cascading, or snowball effect on women living with endometriosis. They must endure painful ovulation and perhaps even painful intercourse. Every month they have to brace themselves for the coming pain. To suffer through these painful activities, without the success of conception can push many women into a state of depression that only exacerbates her situation.

Endometriosis and Painful Ovulation - Living With Endometriosis

Typically, for most women, their first step is to try to find out more about endometriosis. This could be as simple as conversations with other women, or as detailed as a comprehensive internet search. Also typical, are the results they find. The majority of treatment recommendations are for hormone and drug treatments, or even surgery in serious cases. Endometriosis is presently incurable and these treatments really only mitigate the symptoms relative to pain, and at best, only lessen its restrictive effects on the reproductive system. Many women are now giving serious consideration to non-medical alternatives.

Many people still dismiss old-time remedies and ancient traditions as just old wives-tales. They roll their eyes at the mention of holistic methods. But there is a growing body of anecdotal evidence that perhaps the methods used before "modern medicine" became the answer to all our ills, still have some validity. After all, the problems of infertility, trouble conceiving, and living with endometriosis are not new, they have existed since the beginning. And since the world's populations have continued to grow at a steady rate, something must have helped women before "modern medicine" arrived. Perhaps any woman living with endometriosis should also consider some of the natural or holistic methods of treatment before committing to any risky drug or surgical procedure.

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MDS Leukemia - Living With the Disease

MDS (or Myelodysplastic Syndromes) generally refer to a group of blood cancers. Other types of MDS are non-progressive and may have no definite effect on the patient's health. While other sub-types are slow-progressive and may be related to leukemia, which will definitely have serious effects on one's health and life expectancy.

Myleodysplastic syndromes typically affect the cell-forming activities in the bone marrow. These cells are normally developed into mature red or white blood cells and platelets before they flow out to bloodstream. Myleodysplastic syndromes prevent blood cell formation. When blast cells in the bone marrow and blood are significantly higher, but dying before or after release into the bloodstream; the non-functional cells will continuously build-up inside the bone marrow. These abnormal activities of the blood cells may develop into a disease called MDS Leukemia.

In many cases, myleodysplastic syndromes will worsen into a type of leukemia - MDS Leukemia. When blast cell occurrence is in low proportions, doctors refer to the disorder as MDS. When there are higher proportions, the condition has worsened into a cancerous stage and is referred as MDS Leukemia. Thus, MDS and Leukemia are often joined together and have same methods of treatment.

MDS Leukemia - Living With the Disease

The number of new cases of MDS in the United States is unknown. However, medical reports shown that the number of MDS cases is equivalent to the number of patients suffering from acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Around 12,000 people were diagnosed with AML in 2006.

AML is incurable and often found in patients 60 years of age and above; but less common in children.

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David Austin is an Attorney focused on complex injury cases. You can learn more about MDS Leukemia at his website. Burke-Eisner.com

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How To Write A Will Yourself

Although writing a Will yourself is possible, generally it is not recommended. Due to potential pitfalls and errors, many self written Will are not valid. However, in case of emergencies, it is better to leave a simple Will than not to leave any Will at all. At least you Do have some documents expressing your intention.

Bear in mind, different countries have different laws regarding Wills. In some countries, even different states have slightly different regulations. The basics of any Will must be there. Here are the tips for writing a Will yourself. It is a guide you can use in an emergency. They are for countries that use English common law.

Here are the absolutely minimum items in a Will. Otherwise, your Will, will not be valid.

How To Write A Will Yourself

1. Date. The Will must be dated clearly. Without a date, the Will is of no use. The date is used to determine which Will takes precedence.

2. Opening clause to identify yourself. This includes name, identity card and address.

3. Appointing executor and trustee. Name the person, again make their identity clear. There could be many Joe Black, so some form of identification is needed.

4. Distribution. Who gets what. You might want to specify certain items to somebody. If you are in a rush, you might just want to give everything to one or two person.

5. If you have children, you may want to appoint guardians. This is something you should not do lightly. A person might not want to be burdened with your children. Or they just can't handle children. It is better to check with them.

6. Residual clause. This is to take care of your assets that you did not mention in the distribution above. A residual clause is very important because if you forgot to specify items, it acts like an umbrella clause to ensure your assets are distributed. Otherwise, there will be partial intestacy.

7. Attestation. This means signed and witness by others. We see video Wills on TV. Something on paper is always better.

Many countries don't allow video recordings as a Will. As much as possible, writing a Will yourself is not something you should do. Most people should write a Will. The steps above are in case of last minute emergencies, like you are going for surgery tomorrow and had no time to contact a lawyer. It is better to have a professional write a Will for you.

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Other resources for writing a Will yourself http://writingawill.wordpress.com/

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How To Decorate a Large Living Room Wall

If you want to know how to decorate a large living room wall, then have a look at these tips right here. If you know what to do, you can get 2 to 3 times the effect and beauty. If you don't know how to decorate a large living room space then your efforts may go unnoticed. So if you want 2 to 3 times that effect, then use these tips here.

So how to do it?

The favorite technique of mine to decorate a large wall space in the lounge, is to use a large tapestry.

How To Decorate a Large Living Room Wall

You can put a framed painting there, but this is quite overdone and can be often ignored. But a large tapestry has a presence about it that is unmistakable. There's something totally unique and breathtaking about a large tapestry that makes you and your guests and loved ones really take notice and enjoy the living room space.

The reasons why tapestries are so effective on a large wall are because of its natural slight folds in the tapestry, it's uniqueness, and the fact that it can transport you in space and time with a large tapestry. When you use a landscape with a scene of the woods or palace grounds, on a large wall, you feel as if you're in the scene.

This backdrop effect is the secret to how a large tapestry makes your lounge room wall a real experience.

Paintings are often limited in size and find it difficult to achieve this effect. But a large tapestry has this breathtaking effect.

So how to decorate this large living room wall?

The 5 steps are:

Select the wall that you want to decorate. Measure the width and height of the area of wall. Choose a tapestry that you like, which is a large size and creates the exact effect that you want. Select a tapestry rod that matches. Hang the tapestry, which is an easy process. The instructions are in the packaging of the rod, and involves putting the tapestry rod brackets into the wall, then the rod and the tapestry.

That's it, then enjoy the tapestry and the effect that this creates in the lounge.

Many people ask which type of tapestry is best for large walls?

Which one?

It all depends on the effect you want for yourself and friends and guests. You can use landscape scenes to make you feel as if you can step right into the scene. You can use 17th century palatial grounds and cityscapes to look as you can step right into that kind of scene. Or you can choose anything that you like, such as modern art, Lady and the Unicorn, or medieval scenes. The choice depends on the look and feel that you want. When you see the piece whether it is a palace grounds based on the work of the Beauvais tapestry production house in France, an unmistakable work of van Gogh, or a romantic piece by Boucher, you will notice it and the visual and emotional impact it has.

When you create this feeling in the room, your friends, guests and loved ones will see and notice the difference. It's like creating a special atmosphere that will add to your experiences there. When they see the effect they will notice, appreciate it and comment.

So now you know this secret to how to decorate a large wall in the living room for greatest effect and beauty.

Put these tips into action and see the effect this has on your living room and home.

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Looking for tapestries for your home? Then see this range wall tapestries and wall hangings here from Europe and the US. Tom Matherson is a writer for Worldwide Tapestries where you'll find a fine range of large wall tapestries to suit a living room in your home.

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Expatriate Cost of Living in India For February 2009

When an expatriate moves from one geographic location to another, the change in cost of living they experience is relative to the change in the purchasing power of their salary. The basic principle is that a move to a higher cost of living city should be accompanied by a proportionately higher salary in order to maintain the same amount of purchasing power and vice versa. If an expatriate is fortunate enough to move to a lower cost of living city without a decrease in their salary, their purchasing power increases proportionately to the decrease in the cost of living.

India still offers opportunity for expatriates moving to India to experience an increase in their purchasing power. The major cities of India offer a relatively low cost of living for expatriates. Bangalore has an overall cost of living index (comprised of the prices for defined quantities of the same goods and services) of 64.6 (New York=100) and is the 38th cheapest place in the world for expatriates to live, out of our 276 international locations. In comparison Hyderabad has an index of 68.8 and is ranked 55th, Calcutta has an index of 69.3, and is ranked 56th, Chennai has an index of 70.7 and is ranked 65th,New Delhi has an index of 71.4 and is ranked 70th, while Mumbai has an index of 76 and ranked the 105th cheapest place in the world for expatriates to live.

Cost of living is however only half the story. In determining how much to pay an expatriate the relative hardship they are likely to experience must also be taken into consideration. An expatriate moving to a country with little hardship is unlikely to need much incentive. However in order to encourage an expatriate to move to a relatively high hardship country, compared to what they are used to, requires an incentive in the form of compensation for the hardship they are likely to experience. Hardship is one of the main differentiators between expatriate salary levels and local salary market levels. As a rule of thumb an expatriate will always cost an employer more than a local hire.

Expatriate Cost of Living in India For February 2009

In terms of the relative hardship expatriates are likely to experience moving to India, assessed in global terms, India is currently ranked as an extreme hardship location, which typically commands a 40% salary premium for hardship. Hardship is relative however; in the same way that cost of living is relative. An expatriate moving from a country similar to India would experience less hardship than someone moving from a country that is completely different.

The global factors which are used to determine a relative hardship ranking world-wide include differences in:

Economic conditions such as poverty and service provision. Political conditions such as tolerance of diverse views, life style and conformity to cultural norms. Religious conditions such as religious prevalence, and tolerance of other religions. Public Service conditions such as provision, administration and accessibility to water, electricity, sanitation, work permits etc. Climatic conditions such as extremely hot or cold weather. Safety conditions such as personal security and the threat of public violence. Health conditions such as health standards and risk of viral outbreaks. Education conditions such as state education standards, expenses, mother-tongue teaching, and school proximity to home. Transportation conditions such as public transport availability, safety and efficiency.
Expatriate Salary Calculation

So what do cost of living and hardship differences mean in practical terms? Let's consider an expatriate moving from New York to Bangalore. In terms of hardship they would qualify for a 30% hardship allowance (40% for Bangalore less 10% for New York). The overall cost of living in Bangalore is 35.4% cheaper than New York given the Bangalore cost of living index of 64.6 versus New York's 100. A salary of 0,000 in New York adjusted for the negative difference in cost of living and the positive hardship premium would equate to 4,086,450 (INR).

Salary in New York X Cost of living difference X Hardship Premium X Exchange Rate = Salary in India

0,000 X 0.646 X 1.30 X 48.6598 = 4,086,450 (INR)

If however the salary was not adjusted downwards for the lower cost of living (a common practice amongst multinational organisations), and the hardship allowance was added, the Bangalore salary would equate to 6,325,774 (INR) which would mean the expatriate would be gaining from a 35.4% cheaper cost of living and a 30% hardship allowance, and as a result could afford a far higher standard of living in India. As recently as early last year, this sort of package would have been realistic. However in today's depressed global economy it is less likely.

In assessing how much to pay an Expatriate in India, it is important to take into account the relative difference in the cost of living as well as the relative hardship.

Expatriate Cost of Living in India For February 2009
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Steven Coleman runs the Xpatulator.com website that provides a cost of living calculator and a cost of living allowance calculator used for cost of living comparisons between 276 international cities. Xpatulator.com uses customisable cost of living indexes together with relative hardship, exchange rate and salary to calculate an equivalent salary or cost of living allowance to ensure similar purchasing power.

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Free Last Will And Testament Forms

A last will or testament is a document that states the ways in which a person can arrange for the distribution of his or her property and possessions after death. Last will and testament regulates others rights over the testator's property and family after his or her death. People over the age of 18 are legally entitled to write their wills.

There are free last will and testament forms that are available in the market and also on the net. Many legal agencies or organizations provide free forms of the wills, to encourage people to make their last wills. The forms help the testator achieve his or her final wishes so that the precious wealth is transferred to the desired people.

The forms are very beneficial, as they prevent the testator from facing any problems with legal jargon and also simplify the process of writing a will. The testator can, quickly and efficiently design his will, keeping all the desirable people in mind. The forms are generally automated documents that quickly and easily create a last will and testament. It also takes into consideration whether the person is married, has children or whether he wants to make specific gifts. A testator can mention details about how he would want the residue of his estate distributed. He may also list the number of executors, though normally one executor is sufficient. If there are two executors, they must agree on each decision to be made.

Free Last Will And Testament Forms

The free last will and testament forms are helpful for those who do not have huge estates or many beneficiaries. These forms can be easily modified according to specific requirements. It is possible to download these forms from the Internet, from websites that specialize on wills. It enables people to write wills without hiring a lawyer and can also help avoid buying an expensive pre-made testament document. Many people are using pre-made forms to create wills as they save time, legal costs and avoid having to deal with complicated legal jargon that may complicate future beneficiaries.

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